Safety

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A rigid shell held off the skull by an internal suspension harness. Type 2 means it is rated for side impact as well as top; Class E means it is tested for electrical insulation. Look for a ratchet suspension you can adjust with one hand, and check the date stamp moulded inside the brim - shells age out, usually within five years of manufacture.
Buying tip
Type 2 protects from side impact, Class E from electrical. Many sites require exactly this rating.